The Lord of the Rings is about a small, stubborn hobbit carrying a very dangerous piece of jewellery across a continent. The One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron to rule all other rings of power, and it holds much of his strength. If he gets it back, Middle-earth falls. The only way to stop him is to throw it into the volcano where it was made, deep inside his own country.
J.R.R. Tolkien published the story in three volumes in 1954 and 1955, as a sequel to his 1937 children's book The Hobbit. Peter Jackson's three films (2001–2003) brought it to a global audience, and The Return of the King won eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The cast is large and spread across many peoples, so this guide groups characters by race and allegiance, the way Tolkien himself thought about them.
- Author
- J.R.R. Tolkien
- Books
- The Hobbit (1937); The Lord of the Rings (1954–1955)
- Films
- Peter Jackson's trilogy, 2001–2003; Hobbit trilogy, 2012–2014
- Setting
- Middle-earth, end of the Third Age
- Television
- The Rings of Power (Prime Video, from 2022)
The Fellowship of the Ring
At the Council of Elrond in Rivendell, nine companions are chosen to escort the Ring south: four hobbits, a wizard, two Men, an Elf and a Dwarf. The company breaks apart at the end of the first volume, and the rest of the story follows its members down separate roads that meet again at the end.
Frodo Baggins
Ring-bearer · Hobbit of the Shire
Frodo inherits the Ring from his cousin Bilbo and volunteers to carry it to Mordor when no one else can. He's thoughtful, educated and quietly brave, and the Ring wears him down physically and spiritually with every mile. His story doesn't end in triumph: he is wounded in ways that can't heal, and he finally leaves Middle-earth to find peace. Tolkien makes his mercy toward Gollum, not his strength, the thing that saves the world.
- Film
- Elijah Wood
Samwise Gamgee
Frodo's gardener and companion
Sam is a working-class hobbit who signs up to protect his master and refuses to be sent home. He cooks, carries, keeps watch, fights a giant spider alone and briefly bears the Ring himself, then gives it back. His plain loyalty is the emotional spine of the book. He goes home to the Shire, marries Rosie Cotton, and becomes mayor.
- Film
- Sean Astin
Gandalf
Wizard · Gandalf the Grey, later the White
Gandalf is one of the Istari, spirits sent to Middle-earth in the shape of old men to help its peoples resist Sauron. He sets the quest in motion, leads the Fellowship through Moria and falls fighting a Balrog on the bridge of Khazad-dûm. He returns as Gandalf the White with greater power and spends the war rallying Rohan and Gondor. He's warm, short-tempered and fond of hobbits.
- Film
- Ian McKellen
Aragorn
Ranger of the North · Heir of Isildur
Aragorn first appears as Strider, a weathered stranger in an inn at Bree. He is actually the heir to the thrones of Arnor and Gondor, descended from the king who took the Ring from Sauron and failed to destroy it. He leads the Fellowship after Moria, fights at Helm's Deep and the Pelennor Fields, and is crowned King Elessar after Sauron's fall. The books show him more certain of his destiny than the films do.
- Film
- Viggo Mortensen
Legolas
Elf of Mirkwood · Archer
Legolas is the son of Thranduil, king of the Elves of northern Mirkwood. He brings sharp eyes, a bow and an Elf's long view of time. His growing friendship with Gimli, after centuries of bad blood between their peoples, is one of the book's quieter pleasures. After the war, he sails west with Gimli.
- Film
- Orlando Bloom
Gimli
Dwarf warrior · Son of Glóin
Gimli represents the Dwarves, whose kin are lost in Moria. He's proud, blunt and handy with an axe. His reverence for the Lady Galadriel, and his friendly kill-count contest with Legolas at Helm's Deep, show a softer side. The films lean on him for comic relief more than the books do.
- Film
- John Rhys-Davies
Boromir
Captain of Gondor
Boromir is the elder son of the Steward of Gondor. He came to Rivendell seeking help for a city under siege, and he sees the Ring as a weapon his people desperately need. When he tries to take it from Frodo, the Fellowship breaks. He dies defending Merry and Pippin from orcs moments later, having confessed and been forgiven by Aragorn.
- Film
- Sean Bean
Meriadoc "Merry" Brandybuck
Hobbit · Squire of Rohan
Merry is Frodo's clever, organised cousin, the one who plans their escape from the Shire. Separated from Frodo, he swears service to King Théoden of Rohan, rides to war hidden with Éowyn and helps her strike down the Witch-king. He comes home a seasoned soldier.
- Film
- Dominic Monaghan
Peregrin "Pippin" Took
Hobbit · Guard of the Citadel
Pippin is the youngest of the four hobbits and the most likely to make trouble, from dropping a stone down a well in Moria to looking into the palantír. He swears service to Denethor of Gondor, grows up fast in a city at war, and saves Faramir from his father's funeral pyre.
- Film
- Billy Boyd
Other hobbits and Shire folk
Hobbits are small, comfortable people who like food, gardens and gossip, and they're the last people anyone expects to matter. That's Tolkien's point.
Bilbo Baggins
Hero of The Hobbit · Frodo's cousin
Bilbo found the Ring in Gollum's cave sixty years before the main story. He kept it far longer than was good for him and gave it up, with difficulty, at his 111th birthday party. He retires to Rivendell to write his memoirs and sails west with Frodo at the end.
- Film
- Ian Holm (Rings); Martin Freeman (Hobbit)
Rosie Cotton
Sam's sweetheart
Rosie is the hobbit lass Sam thinks about all the way to Mordor and marries when he gets back. She represents the ordinary life the quest is protecting.
- Film
- Sarah McLeod
Lotho Sackville-Baggins
Book-only villain in the Shire
Lotho buys up the Shire while the heroes are away and becomes a puppet of Saruman's men. His story is part of the "Scouring of the Shire" chapter, which the films leave out.
Men of Gondor and Rohan
Men are the race whose future is at stake. Gondor is an ancient kingdom in decline, ruled by stewards while it waits for a king. Rohan is a younger nation of horse-riders on the plains to the north.
Faramir
Captain of Gondor · Boromir's brother
Faramir is the younger, gentler son of Denethor, a scholar and a soldier who has always lived in his brother's shadow. In the book, he captures Frodo and Sam and lets them go without a moment's temptation. The films change this, so he takes them toward Osgiliath before releasing them. He survives the war and marries Éowyn.
- Film
- David Wenham
Denethor
Steward of Gondor
Denethor rules Gondor in the absence of a king and is unwilling to make way for one. He has been using a palantír, a seeing-stone, and Sauron has fed him despair through it. He favours Boromir over Faramir, and grief and pride drive him to madness during the siege of Minas Tirith.
- Film
- John Noble
Théoden
King of Rohan
Théoden has been weakened by the whispers of his adviser Gríma Wormtongue, who works for Saruman. Gandalf breaks the spell, and the old king leads his people to Helm's Deep and then rides to the relief of Gondor. He dies on the Pelennor Fields after one of the story's great charges.
- Film
- Bernard Hill
Éowyn
Shieldmaiden of Rohan
Éowyn is Théoden's niece, told to stay home and look after the people while the men ride to war. She disguises herself and rides anyway. On the Pelennor Fields she faces the Witch-king, whom no living man can kill, and destroys him with Merry's help. Her recovery afterwards, and her meeting with Faramir, is handled with real tenderness.
- Film
- Miranda Otto
Éomer
Marshal of Rohan · Théoden's nephew
Éomer is a hot-headed, honourable cavalry commander who is banished under Wormtongue's influence and returns to fight at Helm's Deep. He becomes king when Théoden dies and stands with Aragorn at the Black Gate.
- Film
- Karl Urban
Barliman Butterbur
Innkeeper of the Prancing Pony
Barliman runs the inn at Bree where the hobbits meet Strider. He's forgetful, which nearly costs them: he never sent Gandalf's letter. He's a small, likable reminder that most people in Middle-earth have no idea a war is coming.
Elves
The Elves are immortal, and by the end of the Third Age most of them are leaving Middle-earth for the Undying Lands in the West. Their great figures still hold three of the rings of power, which will fade if the One Ring is destroyed. Helping the quest means accepting their own decline.
Arwen
Daughter of Elrond · Aragorn's beloved
Arwen chooses a mortal life to marry Aragorn, giving up the immortality of her people. In the books she barely appears; her story is told mostly in the appendices. Jackson's films give her far more to do, including the ride to the Ford of Bruinen that Tolkien gave to the Elf-lord Glorfindel.
- Film
- Liv Tyler
Elrond
Lord of Rivendell
Elrond is half-elven, thousands of years old, and was present when Isildur failed to destroy the Ring. He hosts the council that forms the Fellowship and raised Aragorn in his house. He's wary of Aragorn's love for his daughter, and with good reason.
- Film
- Hugo Weaving
Galadriel
Lady of Lothlórien
Galadriel is one of the oldest and most powerful beings left in Middle-earth. When Frodo offers her the Ring she is tempted, imagines what she would become, and refuses. That refusal is her test. She gives each member of the Fellowship a gift, including the phial of light that saves Frodo and Sam in Shelob's lair.
- Film
- Cate Blanchett
Celeborn
Lord of Lothlórien
Celeborn is Galadriel's husband, cautious and less certain of the strangers than she is. He advises the Fellowship on their route down the river Anduin.
- Film
- Marton Csokas
Haldir
Guardian of Lothlórien
Haldir guides the Fellowship into the woods of Lórien. The films send him to fight and die at Helm's Deep, leading an Elvish force that doesn't appear in the book.
- Film
- Craig Parker
Glorfindel
Elf-lord of Rivendell (books)
Glorfindel is a mighty Elf who finds the wounded Frodo on the road and puts him on his own horse, which outruns the Ringwraiths to the Ford. He doesn't appear in the films, and his role passes to Arwen.
Dwarves, Ents and other folk
Glóin
Gimli's father
Glóin was one of Thorin's companions in The Hobbit. He comes to Rivendell to report that a messenger from Mordor has been asking about Bilbo. His son volunteers for the Fellowship.
Balin
Lord of Moria
Balin was another of Bilbo's companions. He led an expedition to retake Moria, and the Fellowship finds his tomb and the record of his colony's end. It's one of the most frightening scenes in the book.
Treebeard
Eldest of the Ents
Treebeard is a tree-herd, an ancient shepherd of the forest of Fangorn. Merry and Pippin wake him and his slow-moving people to the damage Saruman has done to the woods, and the Ents march on Isengard.
- Film
- John Rhys-Davies (voice)
Tom Bombadil
Master of the Old Forest (books)
Tom is a cheerful, singing figure who rescues the hobbits twice early in the book. The Ring has no power over him at all. He's left out of Jackson's films. Readers still debate what exactly he is, and Tolkien liked leaving that open.
Gwaihir
Lord of the Eagles
Gwaihir rescues Gandalf from Saruman's tower and later carries Frodo and Sam from the slopes of Mount Doom. The eagles act as allies, not servants.
The Istari (wizards)
The wizards are not human. They are Maiar, lesser spirits of the same order as Sauron, sent from the West in humble bodies with limits on their power. Five came to Middle-earth; three matter to this story.
Saruman
Head of the White Council · Wizard of Isengard
Saruman was the chief of the wizards, and studied the Enemy's craft until he wanted it for himself. He builds an army of Uruk-hai at Isengard and bends Rohan through Wormtongue. After the Ents break his fortress, the book follows him to the Shire, where he takes petty revenge before Wormtongue kills him. The films move his death to Isengard.
- Film
- Christopher Lee
Radagast the Brown
Wizard of the wild
Radagast cares more for birds and beasts than for politics. Saruman uses him, unknowingly, to lure Gandalf to Isengard. He's a passing mention in the Rings books and a bigger, more eccentric presence in the Hobbit films.
- Film
- Sylvester McCoy (Hobbit)
Sauron and his servants
Tolkien's villains are less characters than forces: hunger, despair and domination given shape. The ones who do have personalities are usually people who chose the wrong side.
Sauron
The Dark Lord · Maker of the One Ring
Sauron was once a servant of an older dark power, Morgoth. He deceived the Elves into forging rings of power and secretly made the One Ring to control them. Defeated at the end of the Second Age, he has slowly rebuilt his strength in Mordor. He never appears in person in the books; he's a presence, a lidless Eye, and a will working through others.
Gollum (Sméagol)
Former Ring-bearer · Guide to Mordor
Gollum had the Ring for nearly five hundred years, hidden under the Misty Mountains, until Bilbo found it. It stretched his life and ate away his mind, leaving two voices fighting in one body. He guides Frodo and Sam toward Mordor, and there's a moment where he nearly turns back toward goodness. Sam's harsh words push him away, and he betrays them, but his final grab for the Ring at Mount Doom completes the quest.
- Film
- Andy Serkis
The Witch-king of Angmar
Lord of the Nazgûl
The Witch-king leads the nine Ringwraiths, ancient kings enslaved by the rings Sauron gave them. He stabs Frodo with a Morgul blade on Weathertop and commands the assault on Minas Tirith. An old prophecy says no man will kill him; Éowyn and Merry, a woman and a hobbit, do.
Gríma Wormtongue
Adviser to Théoden · Saruman's agent
Wormtongue is a man of Rohan who sold his king to Saruman in return for promises, including Éowyn. Exposed by Gandalf, he flees to Isengard. He's pathetic and resentful rather than grand, and his final turn on his master is entirely in character.
- Film
- Brad Dourif
Shelob
Giant spider of Cirith Ungol
Shelob is an ancient spider who guards a pass into Mordor, and serves no one but her own hunger. Gollum leads Frodo and Sam into her lair hoping to collect the Ring afterwards. Sam drives her off with Galadriel's phial and an Elvish blade.
The Balrog
Demon of the ancient world
The Balrog is a fire-spirit that has hidden in the deeps of Moria since the First Age, woken when the Dwarves dug too deep. Gandalf holds it on the bridge so the Fellowship can escape, and falls with it.
The Mouth of Sauron
Herald of Barad-dûr
The Mouth is a man who has served Sauron so long he has forgotten his own name. He meets the Captains of the West at the Black Gate with taunts and false proof of Frodo's capture. His scene appears only in the extended cut of the third film.
Uglúk and the Uruk-hai
Saruman's fighting orcs
The Uruk-hai are larger, sun-tolerant orcs bred at Isengard. Uglúk leads the band that kidnaps Merry and Pippin, quarrelling all the way with orcs from Mordor. The first film adds its own Uruk captain, Lurtz, who kills Boromir.
Lord of the Rings film cast
Peter Jackson shot all three films back to back in New Zealand. Several of the cast returned for the Hobbit films, sometimes in roles that weren't in that book.
| Character | Actor (2001–2003) | People |
|---|---|---|
| Frodo Baggins | Elijah Wood | Hobbit |
| Samwise Gamgee | Sean Astin | Hobbit |
| Merry Brandybuck | Dominic Monaghan | Hobbit |
| Pippin Took | Billy Boyd | Hobbit |
| Bilbo Baggins | Ian Holm | Hobbit |
| Gandalf | Ian McKellen | Wizard |
| Saruman | Christopher Lee | Wizard |
| Aragorn | Viggo Mortensen | Man (Dúnedain) |
| Boromir | Sean Bean | Man (Gondor) |
| Faramir | David Wenham | Man (Gondor) |
| Denethor | John Noble | Man (Gondor) |
| Théoden | Bernard Hill | Man (Rohan) |
| Éowyn | Miranda Otto | Man (Rohan) |
| Éomer | Karl Urban | Man (Rohan) |
| Gríma Wormtongue | Brad Dourif | Man (Rohan) |
| Legolas | Orlando Bloom | Elf |
| Arwen | Liv Tyler | Elf |
| Elrond | Hugo Weaving | Elf |
| Galadriel | Cate Blanchett | Elf |
| Gimli | John Rhys-Davies | Dwarf |
| Gollum | Andy Serkis | Hobbit-kin (Stoor) |
Books vs the Peter Jackson films
The films are faithful to the shape of the story and change a good deal of the detail, usually to give a character a clearer arc on screen.
In the books
- Seventeen years pass between Bilbo's party and Frodo leaving home.
- Tom Bombadil and the Barrow-downs slow the opening chapters.
- Glorfindel rescues Frodo at the Ford.
- Faramir is never tempted by the Ring.
- Saruman takes over the Shire and the hobbits must free it themselves.
In the films
- Frodo leaves soon after the party.
- Bombadil is cut entirely.
- Arwen takes Glorfindel's role, and her romance with Aragorn is expanded.
- Faramir takes the hobbits to Osgiliath before letting them go.
- The Scouring of the Shire is dropped; the hobbits come home to peace.
The Hobbit and The Rings of Power
The Hobbit is set sixty years earlier and follows Bilbo, the wizard Gandalf and thirteen Dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield on a quest to reclaim the Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug. Jackson stretched it into three films (2012–2014), with Martin Freeman as Bilbo, Richard Armitage as Thorin, Benedict Cumberbatch voicing Smaug, Luke Evans as Bard and Lee Pace as Thranduil. The films also add Legolas and a new Elf captain, Tauriel (Evangeline Lilly), who isn't in the book.
The Rings of Power is a Prime Video series that premiered in 2022, set thousands of years earlier in the Second Age, when the rings were forged. It features younger versions of Galadriel (Morfydd Clark) and Elrond (Robert Aramayo), and Sauron in disguise (Charlie Vickers). There's also an animated film, The War of the Rohirrim (2024), about a king of Rohan two centuries before the main story.
Reading and watch order
- The Hobbit (book) — a lighter, shorter adventure and the easiest way in, especially for younger readers.
- The Lord of the Rings (book) — read as one story in six "books", usually printed as three volumes: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King. Don't skip the appendices; Aragorn and Arwen's story is there.
- The Silmarillion — optional, published after Tolkien's death in 1977. It's the deep history of Middle-earth, including where Sauron and the Elves came from.
- Films — watch the Rings trilogy first, ideally in the extended editions, then the Hobbit films. Our watch order guide explains why release order usually wins for prequels.
What the characters are about
Almost every major character faces the same test: what do you do when you're offered power? Galadriel, Faramir, Sam and Gandalf refuse it. Boromir, Saruman and Denethor reach for it, in each case for reasons that sound reasonable. Frodo carries it and is broken by it, which is Tolkien's honest admission that some burdens can't be carried without cost.
The other thread is that the small matter. Hobbits, a forgotten Ranger, a woman told to stay home: the people who decide the war are the ones the powerful overlook. That's partly why the story has shaped so much fantasy since, from Harry Potter to Game of Thrones, which deliberately argues with Tolkien's idea of a rightful king. Our guides to villain types and redemption arcs cover Sauron, Saruman and Gollum from a different angle, and ensemble casts looks at how the Fellowship's split structure works.
All Lord of the Rings character names A–Z
A–B
- Aragorn — Fellowship / Men
- Arwen — Elf
- Balin — Dwarf
- The Balrog — Villain
- Barliman Butterbur — Bree
- Bilbo Baggins — Hobbit
- Boromir — Fellowship / Gondor
C–F
- Celeborn — Elf
- Denethor — Gondor
- Elrond — Elf
- Éomer — Rohan
- Éowyn — Rohan
- Faramir — Gondor
- Frodo Baggins — Fellowship / Hobbit
G
- Galadriel — Elf
- Gandalf — Fellowship / Wizard
- Gimli — Fellowship / Dwarf
- Glóin — Dwarf
- Glorfindel — Elf
- Gollum (Sméagol) — Villain
- Gríma Wormtongue — Villain
- Gwaihir — Eagle
H–M
- Haldir — Elf
- Legolas — Fellowship / Elf
- Lotho Sackville-Baggins — Hobbit
- Merry Brandybuck — Fellowship / Hobbit
- The Mouth of Sauron — Villain
P–S
- Pippin Took — Fellowship / Hobbit
- Radagast — Wizard
- Rosie Cotton — Hobbit
- Samwise Gamgee — Fellowship / Hobbit
- Saruman — Wizard / Villain
- Sauron — Villain
- Shelob — Villain
T–W
- Théoden — Rohan
- Tom Bombadil — Old Forest
- Treebeard — Ent
- Uglúk — Uruk-hai
- The Witch-king — Nazgûl
Frequently asked questions
Who are the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring?
Frodo Baggins, Samwise Gamgee, Merry Brandybuck and Pippin Took (the four hobbits), Gandalf the wizard, Aragorn and Boromir (Men), Legolas (an Elf) and Gimli (a Dwarf). Nine walkers were chosen to match the nine Ringwraiths sent against them.
Who is the main character of The Lord of the Rings?
Frodo Baggins is the Ring-bearer and the story's centre, but Tolkien gives almost equal weight to Samwise Gamgee, who carries Frodo up Mount Doom, and to Aragorn, whose path to the throne of Gondor runs alongside the quest. Many readers, and Tolkien himself in his letters, single out Sam as the real hero.
Is Gollum good or bad?
Neither, entirely. Gollum was once a hobbit-like Stoor named Sméagol who murdered his friend Déagol for the Ring and was twisted by it over five centuries. He guides Frodo and Sam toward Mordor, betrays them to Shelob, and in the end, by accident, is the one who destroys the Ring. Gandalf's early warning that he still has a part to play comes true.
Why didn't the eagles fly the Ring to Mordor?
The books never pose it as an option. Sauron's Eye watched the skies, the Nazgûl rode winged beasts, and the eagles act on their own terms rather than as transport. The quest also depended on secrecy: a small party walking in was the one thing Sauron didn't expect.
Who plays Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings films?
Ian McKellen played Gandalf in all six of Peter Jackson's Middle-earth films, from The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) to The Battle of the Five Armies (2014). He received an Academy Award nomination for the first film.
What order should I read or watch The Lord of the Rings in?
For the books, start with The Hobbit and then read The Lord of the Rings. For the films, release order works best: the three Rings films (2001–2003) first, then the Hobbit trilogy (2012–2014), which was made later and assumes you know the originals.